Study the Adverse Effect of E, Cigarette and Conventional Cigarette in Kidneys, Stomach and Testes in Rats in Comparison with Control Group
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Background: The traditional cigarette is known for its harmful effects on most organs of the body, with pathological effects. Several methods have been suggested to quit smoking or reduce its harmful effects. One of these proposed solutions is the use of electronic cigarettes while promoting them as an alternative to traditional cigarettes without side effects. Recent studies have proven that there are effects of these cigarettes that may differ or are similar to the effects of traditional cigarettes, but less severe.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the consumption of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes in comparison to the control group on kidney, stomach, and testes tissue and investigate the role played by e-cigarettes to stop conventional smoking according to to survey study.
Study Design: An experimental study which lasted for 30 days was conducted at the Animal House of the College of Sciences, Wasit University, Iraq. Survey parts were done by distributing questionnaires in printed and electronic forms.
Method: For 30 days, nicotine-containing vapour (3.6 mg/mL) and traditional cigarettes were delivered to 25 male Wistar rats. The creatures were split into three groups: Group A (5 rats) served as the control group without receiving any nicotine exposure, Group B (10 rats) received traditional smoke, and Group C (10 rats) received liquid vapour from an electronic cigarette.
Result: Numerous differences between the experimental groups B and C and the control group were found. The renal effect of conventional cigarettes was represented by focal necrosis in the Henle tubule resulting in atrophy in glomeruli less effect was noticed in the e-cigarette group. Stomach tissue in the conventional cigarette group show focal necrosis in glandular and non-glandular tissue, congestion of blood vessels and haemorrhage in the submucosa of the stomach while in the e-cigarette group there was finger-like a project in of epithelium of non-glandular tissue, and high keratinization in the epithelium of stomach was seen in both groups. Testes tissue in conventional cigarettes shows atrophy and degeneration in the seminiferous tubule and vacuole in the seminiferous tubule of the testes. While in the e-cigarette group there were significant signs its hyperplasia in the smooth muscle of the tail of the epididymis.
Conclusion: It was found that electronic cigarette has side effects on the health of vital organs and tissues of the body, but compared to a regular cigarette the effect is less. The electronic cigarette can be adopted as an alternative to the regular cigarette or as a way to quit smoking, but this depends on the smoker's conviction of it as an alternative, as well as choosing a cigarette with low nicotine levels.